Saturday, December 19, 2015

Ufugaji wa kisasa wa samaki: Utaalamu na Masoko



 





Tujifunze kuhusu ufugaji wa samaki wa kisasa ambao hufanyika kwenye mabwawa ya kuchimbwa au visima na vitu vingine vinavofanana na hivyo.

Kuna aina nyingi za samaki wa maji baridi ambao wanaweza kufugika kwa urahisi au ugumu kidogo tu na aina hizo wapo wale ambao sio wa kuzaliana(monosexual) na wale wa kuzaliana(heterosexual)

Urahisi hapa uko zaidi kwenye kuwafuga wasiozaliana sababu hawaongezeki wakati wale wanaozaliana utakuwa na utaratibu wa kuhamisha fishling(vifaranga) sehemu nyingine.

Rasilimali muhimu za kuwa nazo ili kufanikisha shughuli hii ni eneo la ardhi,maji, rasilimali watu na rasilimali fedha.Eneo la ardhi ndio litakaloonyesha ni kwa namna gani bwawa lako liwe,aidha la kujengea na cement,kutandika plastic au kuchimba na kulitumia hivyohivyo.Bwawa huchimbwa/kujengwa kwa kuwa na sakafu yenye ulalo kiasi(gentle slope/gradient)

Wapo samaki aina ya Sato(Tilapia),Kambale(African catfish) na wengine aina ya pangasius ambao hufugwa kwa wingi sana.
Unahitaji samaki 7-8 katika meter moja ya mraba(1m^2) ,kwa maana hiyo kama una meter za mraba 600 nasi unaweza kufuga samaki 4500.Haishauriwi kulundika samaki kwenye eneo dogo kwani itawasababishia ukosefu wa hewa(oxygen).Ingawa zipo njia za kuweza kuongeza upatikanaji wa hewa kwenye mabwawa.

Ukishachimba bwawa lako(aidha na kulijengea) unaingiza maji kwenye bwawa hakikisha yamekaribia futi 2.5 mpaka kujaa full.Itakubidi kufanya liming(kumwagia chokaa bwawa kabla ya kuweka maji ili kuua bacteria hatarishi kwa maisha na afya ya samaki wako) pia unahitajika kuyarutubisha hayo maji kwa kuchanganya na mbolea(kama ya ng'ombe na za viwandani pia ingawa haishauriwi sana) na kusubiria kwa muda usiopungua siku 21 au zaidi.Unafanya hivi ili kuweka mazingira ya chakula asili(natural foood) kwa ajili ya samaki kujitengeneza,vyakula hivo hua katika hali ya mimea na viumbe wadogo(microorganisms)

Upatikanaji wa vifaranga vya samaki,hapa inakubidi uwe makini sana kama umeamua kuzalisha sato,changamoto kubwa ya sato ni kupata mbegu ambayo under right conditions vifaranga vitaweza kua samaki wenye uzito wa kutosha(miezi 6 awe at least 500grams au zaidi).Mbegu ya sato hupatikana kwa bei rejareja ya sh 300 na kambale sh 500 kwa kifaranga kimoja.Wapo wazalishaji wengi wa mbegu za vifaranga wa ndani na nje ya nchi ila kwa Tanzania nimewakubali Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute(TAFIRI) Nyegezi,Mwanza(Nimefwatilia performance yao shambani).

Ulishaji wa vifaranga vyako ,chakula chao kinategemea na uzito wao mfano samaki hula 5% ya uzito wake wa mwili akiwa mdogo na 3% akiwa mkubwa.Hapa tunaongelea ulishaji wa chakula cha ziada(supplement food),sababu cha asili amekipata kwenye ile mbolea ulioweka.Kama una vifaranga 100 vyenye gram 10 kila kimoja basi utahitaji gram 50 kuwalisha.

Itakuchukua Miezi 6-9 kuanza kuvuna samaki wako ambao unaweza kuwauza kulingana na uzito au au njia utayoona inakufaa.Samaki wengi wa kwenye mabwawa wanavunwa kwa kutumia nyavu au kumwaga maji yote nje ya bwawa.Masoko yake haya samaki ni pamoja na supermarkets, wafanyabiashara sokoni na mitaani pamoja na watu binafsi.

N:B
Wataalam wapo wengi humu naomba muongeze na mambo mengine niliyoyasahau au kuyakosea.

Saturday, September 26, 2015

Jinsi ya kutengeneza SABUNI ya kipande YA KUGANDISHA


Utengenezaji wa sabuni hii una njia nyingi
Hatua  ya kwanza
Chemsha vipimo 7 vya mafuta ya mawese au mafuta ya shea hadi ifikie hatua ya kimiminika chuja na yaweke kwenye chungu cha mfinyanzi au chombo cha plastiki.

Hatua ya pili
Pima vipimo 5 vya maji baridi kwenye chombo cha plastiki ongeza kipimo 1cha sodium hydroxide kwa uangalifu mkubwa kwenye maji acha hadi mchanganyiko huo uyeyuke.

Subiri mchanganyiko wa sodium hydroxide na mafuta ukaribie kupoa.

Hatua ya tatu
Taratibu ongeza mchanganyiko wa sodium hydroxide kwenye mawese,huku ukikoroga haraka haraka bila kusitisha ukitumia ubao .hii ni njia nzuri zaidi.

Njia ya pili

  • Chemsha mafuta kwenye joto la kadiri ya 55C

  • Changanya maji na sodium hydroxide na uache mchanganyiko huu upoe hadi kufikia joto hilohilo.

  • Baada ya kuandaa mchanyiko wako changanya vimiminika hivyo viwili huku ukikoroga kwanguvu sana kadiri uwezavyo, taratibu sabuni itageuka kuwa laini. Kabla sabuni haijawa ngumu mwaga sabuni ndani ya kasha la mbao lilotangulizwa karatasi nyembamba la plastiki subiri saa 3 na sawazisha sabuni kwa rula au kitu kingine kilicho nyooka huku ukigandamiza juu, ipanguse iwe laini kwa kutumia kitamba kilicho lowanishwa.

  • Katakata sabuni vipande kwa kipimo cha kuuza iweke ikauke katika sehemu yenye kivuli kwa muda wa majuma 8 hadi 12 mfano- ndani ya chumba kwenye sakafu iliyotandikwa kasha la karatasi nene.


How to perform a clean installation of Windows


You can perform a clean installation of Windows 8.1 or Windows 8 using installation media, such as a DVD or USB flash drive. You don't need a previous version of Windows installed on your PC to perform a clean installation of Windows 8.1, but you do for Windows 8. If your PC doesn't have a version of Windows already installed, you'll need install a previous version of Windows or buy Windows 8.1 or a System Builder version of Windows 8 at a local retailer if it's available in your country or region.

To perform a clean installation using a DVD or USB flash drive

If you bought Windows 8.1 or Windows 8 on DVD from a participating retailer, or created a DVD or bootable USB flash drive when you downloaded Windows using Upgrade Assistant, follow these steps to perform a clean installation.

Warning
If you format a partition during installation, any data on the partition will be erased. Be sure to back up any data you want to keep before you begin.

Turn on your PC so that Windows starts normally, insert the DVD or USB flash drive, and then shut down your PC.

Restart your PC, and then press any key to boot from the DVD or USB flash drive.

If you restart your PC and your current version of Windows starts, you might have to open a boot menu or change the boot order in your PC's BIOS or UEFI settings so that your PC boots from the media. To open a boot menu or change the boot order, you'll typically need to press a combination of keys (such as F2, F12, Delete, Esc, etc.) immediately after you turn on your PC. For instructions on changing the boot order for your PC, check the documentation that came with your PC or go to the manufacturer's website.

If your current version of Windows still starts, try again by waiting until Windows asks you to sign in, shutdown completely, and then restart your PC again.

On the Install Windows page, enter your language and other preferences, and then tap or click Next.

Tap or click Install Windows.

On the Enter the product key to activate Windows page, enter your product key.

The product key should be on the box that the Windows 8.1 DVD came in, or in a purchase confirmation email. It looks like this: PRODUCT KEY: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX.

On the Please read the license terms page, if you accept the license terms, tap or click I accept the license terms, and then tap or click Next.

On the Which type of installation do you want? page, tap or click Custom.

On the Where do you want to install Windows? page, do one of the following:

In Windows 8.1, tap or click the partition that you want, tap or click the formatting option you want to perform if needed, and then follow the instructions.

In Windows 8, tap or click Drive options (advanced), tap or click the partition that you want to change, tap or click the formatting option you want to perform if needed, and then follow the instructions.

When you've finished formatting, tap or click Next.

Follow the instructions to finish installing Windows.

Notes
For info about how to download Windows, see Upgrade Assistant: FAQ.

To learn how to refresh or reset your PC and reinstall Windows, see How to refresh, reset, or restore your PC.

For info about how to update to Windows 8.1 in the Windows Store, see Update to Windows 8.1 from Windows 8.

Sunday, September 20, 2015

6 Ways To Keep Your Blog Readers Coming Back


Getting people to read your blog is hard work. There are millions of blogs out there, so readers have an enormous choice. This means that when someone visits your blog for the first time, you need to do everything possible to make sure they come back. It isn’t rocket science – but you need to know what you’re doing. The trick to making your blog “sticky” is to give your readers compelling reasons to come back again and again. Successful bloggers know how to do this – and you can too by following these six great strategies.

Baadhi ya Njia unazoweza kutumia kupata Wazo Bora la Biashara (Business Idea)


IDEA ya Biashara ni moja ya mambo yanayo waumiza watu wengi sana, Na mara nyingi wazo la biashara linahitaji utafiti wa kina ili kuja na wazo lenye tija kwako na kwa jamii nzima